The CJEU reaffirmed that substantive VAT exemption conditions prevail over formalities, with three 2025 judgments clarifying that missing Article 45a documents, incomplete export paperwork, or absent customs steps do not automatically deny exemptions if fraud is absent. The rulings reinforce fiscal neutrality and outline narrow exceptions where formal non‑compliance can defeat an exemption.

The UK guidance explains the special procedure for outward processing, which allows goods to be temporarily exported from the UK for repair or processing. It outlines the rules, application process, authorisation, and duty calculation for such movements, covering both the UK and EU/Northern Ireland contexts.

The U.S. Supreme Court invalidated tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, ruling that the President lacked authority to impose 25% tariffs on Mexico and Canada and 10% tariffs on China and other partners. The decision remanded the case and left importers without a remedy, prompting the administration to announce a new worldwide tariff under the Trade Act of 1974. Importers must seek refunds through Customs and the U.S. Court of International Trade.

Irish Revenue has clarified the implementation schedule and scope for the B2B e‑invoicing and real‑time reporting regime under the ViDA reforms. The phased rollout begins in November 2028 for large corporates, expands to all VAT‑registered businesses in intra‑EU trade by November 2029, and covers all cross‑border B2B transactions from July 2030. Large corporates must issue structured e‑invoices and report key data, while all VAT‑registered businesses must be technically capable of receiving structured e‑invoices.